शैक्षिक मूल्याङ्कनको प्राज्ञिक संकट

 

z}lIfs d"NofÍgsf] k|fl1s ;+s6

– efujt b]j e§

 

g]kfnsf] z}lIfs Oltxf;df lj=;+= @)*@ sf] jif{ ax'cfoflds /fhgLlts tyf ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] ;+jfxs aGg k'Uof]. ebf} dlxgfdf gjk':tf -Gen Z_ åf/f ;8sdf cf]/flnPsf] ce"tk"j{ cfGbf]ng / tTkZrft\ r}tdf ljsl;t gjLg /fhgLlts kl/b[Zon] l;+xb/af/sf] afu8f]/ k|ljlwd}qL / o'jf g]t[Tjsf] xftdf ;'Dk]sf] 5 . t/, of] /fhgLlts k'g;{+/rgfsf] jf:tljs k/LIff ta dfq ;kmn x'g]5, ha o;n] b]zsf] d]?b08sf ¿kdf /x]sf] e›uf]n lzIff k|0ffnL, ljz]if u/L k/Dk/fut kf7\oqmd / lgik|f0f d"NofÍg kl/kf6LnfO{ h/}b]lv zNolqmof ug{ ;Sg]5 .

jt{dfg kl/k|]Iodf xfd|f] ljBfno lzIffsf] dfWolds tx -sIff !!–!@_ Pp6f uDeL/ k|fl1s ;+s6 -Academic Crisis_ af6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{ -NEB_ n] cfGtl/s Pj+ lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"NofÍg -CAS_ sf] cfbz{jfbL 9fFrf t tof/ kf/]sf] 5, t/ To;sf] Jofjxfl/s w/ftn eg] cToGt} l67nfUbf] 5 . kf7\oqmdn] lgb]{z u/]sf] k|of]ufTds jf kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] cÍef/ cfh ljBfnox¿sf] Jofkfl/s ;fv hf]ufpg] / s[lqd hLlkP -GPA_ a9fP/ ljBfyL{ cfslif{t ug]{ Ú;:tf] pkxf/Ú ag]sf] 5 . o:tf] lg/y{s cEof;n] d"NofÍgsf] k|fl1s j:t'lgi7tf / j}wtfdfly g} uDeL/ k|ZglrXg v8f ul/lbPsf] 5 .

 

cem b'Mvb oyfy{ t s] 5 eg], ljBfyL{n] /ftlbg ldlxg]t u/]/ tof/ kf/]sf c;fOgd]G6, 6d{ k]k/ jf gf]6 skLx¿ k/LIf0f ug{ k|fl1s ju{n] r/d pbf;Lgtf b]vfpg] u/]sf 5g\  . of] a]lylt lghL / ;/sf/L b'j} k|s[ltsf ljBfnox¿df ;+:yfut eO;s]sf] 5 . ;+:yfut -lghL_ ljBfnox¿df lzIfs :jo+n] tL af}l4s pTkfbgsf] ;"Id cWoog u/L /rgfTds k[i7kf]if0f -Constructive Feedback_ lbg'sf] ;§f k|zf;gsf tNnf] txsf u}/–k|fl1s sd{rf/L jf ;xof]uLdfkm{t s]jn ÚInspectedÚ -lg/LIf0f ul/of]_ elgPsf] /a/ :6\ofDk 7f]Sg nufP/ lkmtf{ ug]{ / b]vfj6L cf}krfl/stf lgefpg] ul/G5 . csf]{tkm{, clwsf+z ;fd'bflos -;/sf/L_ ljBfnox¿sf] xljut t cem l67nfUbf] 5Ù ToxfF ljBfyL{sf skLx¿df ToxL Pp6f Ú/a/ :6\ofDkÚ ;Dd nfUg' klg s]jn Úlbjf:jKgÚ h:t} ag]sf] 5 . skLx¿ dlxgf}F;Dd lzIfssf] 6]a'ndf ylGsg] jf lagfs'g} x:tfIf/ / l6Kk0fL w"n}w"nf] eP/ cnkq kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . of] k|fl1s Odfgbfl/tfsf] x'd{t lng] sfo{ dfq xf]Og, lzIf0f k];fs} cjd"Nog xf] . ha ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf] df}lns l;h{gf k9fpg] u'?af6 ck/LlIft jf pk]lIft ePsf] b]V5, ta p;df af}l4s rf]/L -Plagiarism_ / skL–k]:6 ug]{ k|j[lQ df}nfpF5 . glthf:j¿k, cfh xfd|f ljBfnox¿ 1fg pTkfbg ug]{ s]G› xf]Og, PcfO{ -AI_ / u'unsf ;fdu|L x'ax' ;fg]{ Úk|ltlnlk s]G›Ú df kl/0ft ePsf 5g\ .

 

oxL eljioljxLg, 3f]sGt] / cg'Tkfbs k/LIff k|0ffnLsf] b'ikl/0ffd lyof]— @)*@ ebf} @# / @$ sf] o'jf lj›f]x . jt{dfg k|fl1s d"NofÍg k4ltn] ljBfyL{sf] l;h{gzLntf hfFRg g;Sbf Úh]g–hLÚ k':tf ljBfnosf] ;Lldt 3]/fleq ;}4flGts /6Gtd} ;Lldt x'g afWo 5 . ljBfnosf] lgoldt ;doafx]ssf] cd"No km';{bnfO{ l;h{gfTds / k|of]ufTds sfo{df Jo:t /fVg] / To;nfO{ d"NofÍgsf] cÍef/;Fu hf]8\g] k|0ffnL /fHo;Fu 5}g . ljsNkxLgtfsf] oxL eofjx z"Gotfdf o'jf pmhf{ df]afOnsf] Úl8lh6n s'ntÚ, ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] gsf/fTdstf / ;8ssf] cfqmf]zdf ¿kfGtl/t x'g k'Uof] . /rgfTds / k|of]ufTds d"NofÍgsf] cefjdf cfh xfd|f sof}F xf]gxf/ o'jfx¿ z}lIfs cg'Tkfbstfsf sf/0f l;lh{t dfgl;s cj;fbn] 3fts b'Jo{;gsf] bnbndf kml;/x]sf 5g\ eg] sltko ljleGg cj}w cgnfOg a]l6ª -Online Betting_ sf] rqmJo"xdf km;]/ cfˆg} 3/–kl/jf/nfO{ ;'s'Daf;L / ;8ssf] af; u/fpg] cfTd3ftL dfu{df ws]lng ljjz 5g\ .

 

casf] lgsf; s]jn sfuhL kf7\oqmd ;+zf]wgdf dfq ;Lldt x'g ;Sb}g . olb b]znfO{ z}lIfs ¿kdf k'ghL{jg lbg] xf] eg] k/Dk/fut k/LIffsf] ljsNkdf ;d'bfo, k|ljlw / ;d;fdlos r'gf}tLnfO{ cÍef/sf] cfwf/ agfpFb} b]xfosf qmflGtsf/L / j}1flgs d"NofÍg ;fwgx¿ tTsfn nfu" ug{' ckl/xfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 M

 

!= k|ljlwd}qL tyf l8lh6n d"NofÍg M

cfhsf] l8lh6n o'udf ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfO / b}lgsL k|ljlw;Fu cleGg ¿kdf hf]l8;s]sfn] d"NofÍgsf ;fwgx¿df klg l8lh6n ¿kfGt/0f cfjZos 5 . ljBfyL{n] jif{el/ u/]sf pTs[i6 k|fl1s sfo{, l;h{gfTds cl8of]–lel8of] ;fdu|L -Vlogging÷Podcasts_ / k|:t'tLs/0fx¿nfO{ Úl8lh6n kf]6{kmf]lnof]Ú sf ¿kdf clen]vLs/0f ul/g'k5{ . ;fy} sIffsf]7fdf cfw'lgs l8lh6n 6"N; / u]ldkmfO8 lSjhsf] dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{sf] jf:tljs a'emfOsf] jf:tljs ;dodf -Real–time_ dfkg ug]{ kl/kf6L a;fNg'k5{  .

 

@= Jofjxfl/s / kl/of]hgfdf cfwfl/t ;fwgx¿ M

s]jn 3f]s]sf s'/f tLg 306fdf cf]sNg] kl/kf6Lsf] ;§f Jofjxfl/s / ;d:of ;dfwfgd'vL 1fg dfkgsf nflu ;3g kl/of]hgf sfo{ -Project–Based Learning_ nfu" ul/g'k5{ . ljBfyL{n] cfˆg} :yfgLo ;d'bfo, ufpF jf 6f]ndf k'u]/ ToxfFsf jftfj/0fLo, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/ jf cf;Gg cfly{s ;+s6sf] :ynut cWoog u/L Ú;d'bfo s]lG›t cg';Gwfg / n]v n]vgÚ -Community–Centred Writing_ ug]{ cEof;nfO{ k|of]ufTds cÍsf] d'Vo lx:;f agfOg'k5{ . lj1fg tyf k|fljlws ljifox¿df Go"gtd %) j6f ÚXofG8\;–cgÚ -Hands–on_ k|of]u clgjfo{ u/L Jofjxfl/s s'zntfsf] k|ToIf dfkg ul/g'k5{ .

 

#= cfTd–d"NofÍg / ;xkf7L ;dLIff M

d"NofÍg k|lqmofdf ljBfyL{nfO{ :jo+ ;xefuL u/fpFbf pgLx¿df k|fl1s lhDd]jf/Laf]w / cfnf]rgfTds r]t a9\5 . sIffsf]7fdf k|To]s kf7 jf PsfOsf] ;dflKtkl5 ljBfyL{n] cfkm"n] a'em]sf] / c:ki6 /x]sf] kf6f]af/] tTsfn cfTd–d"NofÍg ug]{ -Exit Tickets÷Reflective Diary_ kl/kf6L ;'? ug{'k5{ . o;sf ;fy}, ;fyLx¿n] u/]sf k|f]h]S6 / c;fOgd]G6sf] lglZrt k|fl1s dfkb08sf cfwf/df /rgfTds ;dLIff -Peer Review_ ug{ nufpg] k4ltn] ljBfyL{df u'0ffTds r]tgf ljsf; u5{ .

 

$= lg/Gt/ cjnf]sg / ;+j]ufTds dfkg M

ljBfyL{sf] s]jn k|fl1s 1fg dfq geP/ pgLx¿sf] Jofjxfl/s kl/jt{g, cg'zf;g, ;xsfo{, g]t[Tj Ifdtf / ;+j]ufTds kIfsf] j}1flgs dfkgsf nflu ÚdlN6kn P;];d]G6Ú sf] 9fFrf ckgfpg'k5{ . o;sf nflu lzIfsn] ljBfyL{sf] Jojxf/df cfPsf cfsl:ds jf ljz]if kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ Ú36gf btf{Ú -Anecdotal Records_ sf ¿kdf l6kf]6 u/L lg/Gt/ k/fdz{ lbg'k5{ . ;fy}, sfuhL skL–k]:6 ;+:s[lt cGTo ug{ k|To]s PsfOsf] ;dflKtdf lzIfs;Fu k|ToIf % ldg]6sf] ›'t df}lvs k/LIff -Rapid–fire Viva_ clgjfo{ ul/g'k5{.

 

%= Úy8{–kf6L{ k|fl1s cl86Ú / k|0ffnLut ;'wf/ M

jt{dfg k/LIff k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf] Úkf/:kl/s ;]l6ª / cfltYoÚ df cfwfl/t k/Dk/fut afXo k/LIfs -External_ k|yf tyf ljBfnox¿sf] dgnfUbL cÍ afF8\g] a]lylt -Grade Inflation_ nfO{ /f]Sg Úy8{–kf6L{ k|fl1s cl86Ú sf] sfg'gL Joj:yf tTsfn cfjZos 5 . o; cGtu{t, /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{sf] Ús]G›Lo k|fl1s cl86 8\of;af]8{Ú df ljBfnox¿n] cfˆgf ljBfyL{sf k|of]ufTds nu–a's, l8lh6n kf]6{kmf]lnof], c;fOgd]G6 / df}lvs k/LIffsf] lel8of] clgjfo{ ¿kdf l8lh6n ¿kdf cknf]8 ug{'kg]{5 . tL k|df0fx¿nfO{ s]G›Lo ;ˆ6j]o/dfkm{t Úqm;–¥ofG8dfOh];gÚ / u'Kt sf]l8ª -Blind Coding_ u/L b]zsf :jtGq lj1 jf ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofksx¿sxfF :jrflnt ¿kdf k/LIf0fsf nflu k7fOg]5 . dfgjLo kx'Fr / lrghfgeGbf aflx/ /xg] of] k|ljlwd}qL k|0ffnLn] vfhf–;Tsf/ / ;]l6ªsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ h/}b]lv ;dfKt kfg]{5 . ;fy}, 7f]; k|df0fljgf jf skL–k]:6sf cfwf/df s[lqd cÍ afF8\g] ljBfnox¿sf] cÍ vf/]h ug]{ / cg'dlt;d]t /2 ug]{;Ddsf] s8f b08fTds gLlt nfu" u/L cfGtl/s d"NofÍgnfO{ ztk|ltzt ljZj;gLo / kf/bzL{ agfpg' kb{5 .

^= lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kft / ;'b[9 lgodg M

oL ;a} cfw'lgs ;fwgx¿sf] lgikIf / j:t'lgi7 k|of]usf nflu j}1flgs Úd"NofÍg ?la|S;Ú -Evaluation Rubrics_ tf]lsg'k5{  . k|efjsf/L ;"Id d"NofÍg / Jofjxfl/s /]s8{ /fVgsf nflu lzIfs–ljBfyL{sf] cg'kftnfO{ a9Ldf !M$) df ;Lldt ul/g'k5{ / 7'nf dfWolds ljBfnox¿df d'Vo lzIfsnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ÚlzIf0f ;xfosÚ -Teaching Assistant_ egf{ ug]{ sfg'gL af6f] vf]lng' cfjZos 5 .

 

gofF g]t[Tjsf] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf nflu of] z}lIfs r'gf}tL Pp6f P]ltxfl;s cj;/ klg xf], hxfF sf7df8f}F dxfgu/df ælstfa/lxt z'qmaf/æ -Book–free Friday_ / æ>d;Fu lzIffæ sf] hu a;fn]sf jt{dfg k|wfgdGqLn] ca l;Ëf] b]zsf] lzIff gLltnfO{ æ3f]sGt] ljBfæ -Rote Learning_ af6 d'Qm u/L æJofjxfl/s ;Lkæ -Experiential Learning_ tkm{ 8f]¥ofpg l9nf ug{' x'Fb}g . o; ;Gbe{df, lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿df nfu" ul/Psf] zlgaf/ / cfOtaf/sf] b'O{lbg] labfsf] k|0ffnL o'jf k':tfsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu Pp6f /rgfTds k|:yfgljGb' aGg ;S5 . xKtfsf] oL b'O{ lbgsf] labfnfO{ s]jn ÚsIffsf]7faf6 d'lQmÚ sf ¿kdf dfq gx]l/P/, o;nfO{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] cfTd–cWoog, ;d'bfo s]lG›t cg';Gwfg, l8lh6n kf]6{kmf]lnof] lgdf{0f / Jofjxfl/s kl/of]hgf sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ Úl;sfO NofaÚ sf ¿kdf pkof]u ul/g'k5{. o;f] x'g ;s]df b'O{lbg] labfn] ljBfyL{ / lzIfs b'j}nfO{ dfgl;s ¿kdf :km"t{ t /fV5 g}, ;fy} ;}4flGts /6Gt aflx/sf l;h{gfTds sfo{sf nflu kof{Kt k|fl1s ;do ;d]t pknAw u/fpF5 . olb xfdLn] ;dod} o'jf k':tfnfO{ gjLg kf7\oqmd, ;d;fdlos r]tgf / ;3g k|of]ufTds sfo{sf] ljsNk lbg ;s]gf}F eg] ebf}sf] h:tf] ;fdflhs lj›f]xsf] /fFsf] k'gM Ao'Fltg ;Sg] ePsfn] ljBfnox¿nfO{ k/Dk/fjfbL h8tfaf6 d'Qm u/L cfw'lgs 1fg, ;+:s[lt / ;Lksf] jf:tljs k|of]uzfnf agfpg' g} cfhsf] o'uLg dfu xf] .